cigarettes and sugar Can Smoking Cause Diabetes? does smoking cigarettes affect your

While impaired decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task), impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) [30], working memory (N-back) [31], and learning and memory [32] have been observed in PLWH smokers relative to PLWH non-smokers, studies that take into account nicotine withdrawal (cognitive deficits arise within a few hours of stopping smoking [33, 34]) tend to report performance benefits [7]

This matters because loneliness and mental health often overlap, and the effects of loneliness on health are real enough that we shouldnt ignore the signal

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Indian J Exp Biol