Using the FDA's body-surface-area conversion, a 10 mcg/kg rat dose maps to roughly 1.6 mcg/kg in a human, but most practitioners use higher doses based on clinical experience
B12 deficiency is especially common among: Adults over 50 Vegans and vegetarians People with GI issues like IBS or celiac disease Anyone on medications that interfere with absorption (e.g., metformin, antacids) This makes B12 injections an appealing option because they go straight into your bloodstream, bypassing any absorption barriers
Further interpretation of these results revealed two details that guided further analysis and interpretation of these results: (1) running effort influences immune response pathways and (2) R + MSM appears to be effective regardless of the running effort
J Clin Investig 111(6):869876 Schmitt JP, Kamisago M, Asahi M, Li GH, Ahmad F, Mende U, Kranias EG, MacLennan DH, Seidman JG, Seidman CE (2003) Dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure caused by a mutation in phospholamban