Mode of Action and Adverse Outcome Pathway), which do not necessarily need new animal studies, should be considered ( 3.2 Example demonstrating how NAMs can be used to inform regulatory decision making In the decision summary of a PMTA, the CTP Technical Project Lead (TPL) stated Results from the in vitro toxicology studies demonstrated that combusted cigarette smoke fractions (total particulate matter (TPM), gas vapor phase (GVP), or both) were mutagenic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic
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Find out the pros and cons of each product Nicotine patches Pros Easy to use - just stick a patch on and forget about it Discreet - you can hide it away under your clothes 24 hour version helps with early morning cravings - great if you smoke as soon as you wake up You can use them with other products Available on prescription Cons Some people get skin irritation Some people find the 24 hour version affects their sleep Nicotine gum Pros Good for sudden cravings You can use it throughout the day - every 1-2 hours to start off with Chewing can distract you from smoking Chewing can help you avoid snacking if thats a problem for you when you do not smoke You can use it with other products Available on prescription Cons Some people do not like keeping it in their mouth - and you have to do this to get the full benefit Some people do not like the taste If you have problems with your teeth or mouth it might not be right for you It might irritate your mouth Nicotine lozenges Pros Good for sudden cravings You can use them throughout the day - every 1-2 hours to start off with No need to chew Discreet - you can use them anywhere You can use them with other products Available on prescription Cons Some people do not like the taste They might irritate your mouth or cause heartburn Mini lozenges (minis) Pros Good for sudden cravings You can use them throughout the day - every 1-2 hours to start off with No need to chew Discreet - you can use them anywhere Dissolve faster than lozenges You can use them with other products Cons Some people do not like the taste They might irritate your mouth or cause heartburn Nicotine inhalator Pros Works fast to help your cravings You can use it every time you get a strong craving It gives you something to do with your hands if you miss the hand to mouth action of smoking You can use it with other products You can use it inside, on a bus, train or plane, etc Available on prescription Cons Not very discreet Some people get side effects like dizziness or nausea Might not be right for you if you have asthma or another breathing problem Nicotine mouth spray Pros Works faster than anything else to ease cravings Gives you a nicotine rush like youd get from a cigarette You can use it every time you get a strong craving You can use it with other products You can use it inside, on a bus, train or plane, etc Available on prescription Cons Some people find it irritates their throat and/or mouth Vapes Pros 95% safer than smoking a cigarette
