As French notes, Norma, like Miss Havisham in Charles Dickens Great Expectations, whom she gets compared to, shoots her lover who has abandoned her, not merely Joe, but what Joe symbolized for her: the audience has ceased to love her and thereby robbed her of her only creative outlet The irony of Normas existence as a woman is that she is dependent on men, while at the same time, she is the powerhouse who supports them. Ultimately, it is her revolt against a lifetime of male dependency and objectification, being ignored, dismissed, and exploited, and one climactic act of madness that sets her free from her entrapment, as she has now broken through the boundaries of her neurotic perdition

doi: 10.3389/fmars.2026.1751530 Received 21 November 2025 Revised 11 March 2026 Accepted 24 March 2026 Published 19 May 2026 Volume 13 - 2026 Edited by Thanos Dailianis, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Greece Reviewed by Katrin Linse, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), United Kingdom Arzu Karahan, Middle East Technical University, Trkiye Updates Copyright 2026 McLaughlin, Cobo, Goble, Batts, Yap-Chiongco and Kocot
It's smokers who sometimes vape, and vapers who sometimes still smoke (many, or most, of whom are "on the journey to quit")
When James VI and I, a staunch anti-smoker and the author of A Counterblaste to Tobacco , [118] tried to curb the new trend by enforcing an enormous 4000% tax increase on tobacco in 1604