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Journal of Abnormal Psychology

JAMA Netw Open

The 11 DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for stimulant use disorder are: Taking stimulants in larger amounts or for longer than intended A persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to reduce or control stimulant use Spending a great deal of time obtaining, using, or recovering from stimulants Strong craving or urge to use stimulants Failing to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home because of stimulant use Continuing use despite persistent or recurring interpersonal or social problems caused by stimulants Giving up or reducing important social, work, or recreational activities because of stimulant use Repeatedly using stimulants in physically hazardous situations Continuing use despite knowing stimulants are worsening a physical or psychological condition Tolerance: needing significantly more of the drug to achieve the same effect Withdrawal: experiencing characteristic withdrawal symptoms when reducing or stopping use Severity is classified by the number of criteria met: Mild: 2 to 3 criteria Moderate: 4 to 5 criteria Severe: 6 or more criteria It is important to note that developing tolerance or experiencing withdrawal during prescribed, closely supervised medical use does not automatically constitute a use disorder

He has lectured in Internet Marketing at the David Nazarian College of Business and Economics at California State University, Northridge